Korbinian Brodmann was a pioneer in defining and classifying multiple areas of the cerebral cortex. Brodmann received his medical degree in 1895, broadening his medical practices throughout Germany. His work laid the foundation for continued efforts and to date, his work has yet to be replaced or refuted. The works of Brodmann reached into neurology, psychiatry, physiology, zoology, and anthropology. Brodmann had many influences including Alois Alzheimer, Karl Weigert, Franz Nissl, and Ludwig Edinger (Loukas et. al., 2011).
The 52 Areas of Brodmann’s Discovery (provided by Bernal & Perdomo, 2008):
- AREAS 1, 2 & 3 – Primary somatosensory cortex – Postcentral gyrus
- AREA 4 – Primary motor cortex – Precentral gyrus
- AREAS 5 & 7 – Secondary sensorimotor cortex – Secondary association sensorimotor cortex. Superior parietal lobule
- AREA 6 – Premotor cortex or Lateral Premotor Area (PMA). Also includes Supplementary Motor Area (SMA)
- AREA 8 – Part of prefrontal cortex – Lateral and medial supplementary motor area (SMA)
- AREAS 9 & 10 – Part of the prefrontal cortex – Middle frontal gyrus
- AREA 11 – Gyrus rectus
- AREA 12 – This area was not included in Brodmann’s original human map of the brain
- AREAS 13, 14, 15 & 16* – Insular Cortex
- AREA 17 – Primary visual cortex – Striate cortex
- AREA 18 – Secondary visual cortex – Middle occipital gyrus
- AREA 19 – Secondary visual cortex – Inferior occipital gyrus
- AREA 20 – Inferior temporal, Fusiform and Parahippocampal gyri
- AREA 21 – Multimodal posterior area – Middle temporal gyrus
- AREA 22 – Superior Temporal Gyrus – Part of Wernicke’s area
- AREAS 23, 26, 29, 30 & 31 – Posterior cingulate gyrus
- AREAS 24, 32 & 33 – Anterior cingulate gyrus
- AREA 25 – Subgenual gyrus
- AREAS 27, 28, 34, 35, 36 & 48 – Hippocampal areas – Part of medial temporal lobe
- AREA 37 – Posterior inferior temporal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, and fusiform gyrus
- AREA 38 – Temporal pole
- AREA 39 – Part of inferior parietal lobule – Caudal bank of intraparietal sulcus – Angular gyrus – Part of Wernicke’s area
- AREA 40 – Inferior parietal lobule – Supramarginal gyrus
- AREAS 41 & 42 – Primary auditory cortex – Heschl’s gyrus
- AREA 43 – Subcentral area
- AREA 44 – Broca’s Area – Inferior frontal gyrus – Pars opercularis
- AREA 45 – Broca’s Area – Inferior frontal gyrus – Pars triangularis
- AREA 46 – Part of the prefrontal cortex – Anterior middle frontal gyrus
- AREA 47 – Inferior frontal gyrus – Pars orbitalis
- AREA 50 – This area was not included in Brodmann’s original human map of the brain.
- AREA 51 – This area was not included in Brodmann’s original human map of the brain.
- AREA 52 – Parainsular area
